No longer just a fictional theme for far-fetched science fiction movies, artificial intelligence is now very much a day-to-day part of our reality. In factories, in intelligent transportation, even in the medical field, artificial intelligence (AI) is just about everywhere. But what exactly is artificial intelligence? As AI becomes more ubiquitous, why is there a need for International Standards? And what are some of the topics surrounding its standardization?
The number of management systems has risen dramatically in recent years, reflecting the needs and demands of more and more organizations looking to improve their performance across a wide range of areas and sectors. And most companies have more than one. ISO’s useful guide to integrating management system ...
Over a billion people around the world have some form of disability. Empowerment and inclusiveness of this large section of the population are therefore essential for a sustainable society, and make up the theme of this year’s International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The Day also contributes to the goals outlined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to “leave no one behind”. Many of ISO’s International Standards are key tools to achieving these goals, and there are many more in the pipeline.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been getting a lot of press. What does it really mean, and how will it affect us?
This issue showcases some of the new opportunities for ISO standards by highlighting the industry sectors most likely to benefit. It gives examples of how some companies are already leveraging this growing market, taking advantage of the emergence of digital systems, networked communications, and large-scale data analysis.
Nov/Dec 2018
The new industrial revolution
This issue examines how government, businesses and societies will navigate the increasing integration of technologies into business and production processes.
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In today’s world where the technology of road vehicles is moving ahead at racing pace, it is important that these exciting new electronic features are safe. A series of International Standards for functional safety of electrical and electronic systems in road vehicles has just been updated to keep the automotive industry ahead of the pack.
Developing software is not always a straightforward procedure. An International Standard to apply the principles of the world’s most widely used quality management system enables engineers to smooth out the process. It has just been updated.
Over a billion people around the world have some form of disability. Empowerment and inclusiveness of this large section of the population are therefore essential for a sustainable society, and make up the theme of this year’s International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The Day also contributes to the goals outlined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to “leave no one behind”. Many of ISO’s International Standards are key tools to achieving these goals, and there are many more in the pipeline.
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Curabitizzle fo shizzle diam quizzle nisi nizzle mollizzle. Suspendisse boofron. Morbi odio. Sure pizzle. Crazy orci. Shut the shizzle up maurizzle get down get down, check out this a, go to hizzle sit amizzle, malesuada izzle, pede. Pellentesque gravida. Vestibulizzle check it out mi, volutpat izzle, shiz sed, shiznit sempizzle, da bomb. Funky fresh in ipsum. Da bomb volutpat felis vizzle daahng dawg. Crizzle quis dope izzle fo shizzle my ni.
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Curabitizzle fo shizzle diam quizzle nisi nizzle mollizzle. Suspendisse boofron. Morbi odio. Sure pizzle. Crazy orci. Shut the shizzle up maurizzle get down get down, check out this a, go to hizzle sit amizzle, malesuada izzle, pede. Pellentesque gravida. Vestibulizzle check it out mi, volutpat izzle, shiz sed, shiznit sempizzle, da bomb. Funky fresh in ipsum. Da bomb volutpat felis vizzle daahng dawg. Crizzle quis dope izzle fo shizzle my ni.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
Donec venenatis vulputate lorem. Morbi nec metus. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc.
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Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
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Izzle crazy tempizzle sizzle. We gonna chung gangsta get down get down fo shizzle turpizzle. Away break it down black. Pellentesque bling bling rhoncus fo shizzle. In hac the bizzle platea dictumst. Black dapibizzle. Crackalackin.
No longer just a fictional theme for far-fetched science fiction movies, artificial intelligence is now very much a day-to-day part of our reality. In factories, in intelligent transportation, even in the medical field, artificial intelligence (AI) is just about everywhere. But what exactly is artificial intelligence? As AI becomes more ubiquitous, why is there a need for International Standards? And what are some of the topics surrounding its standardization?
A recent report by the McKinsey Global Institute1) suggests that investment in artificial intelligence (AI) is growing fast. McKinsey estimates that digital leaders such as Google spent between “USD 20 billion to USD 30 billion on AI in 2016, with 90 % of this allocated to R&D and deployment, and 10 % to AI acquisitions”. According to the International Data Corporation2) (IDC), by 2019, 40 % of digital transformation initiatives will deploy some sort of variation of AI and by 2021, 75 % of enterprise applications will use AI, with expenditure growing to an estimated USD 52.2 billion.
From perception to reality
People tend to think of AI as autonomous robots or a computer capable of beating a chess master. To me, AI is more of a collection of technologies that are enabling, effectively, a form of intelligence in machines.
WaelWilliamDiab
Chair of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
But what exactly is AI? According to Wael William Diab, Chair of the new technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, subcommittee SC 42, Artificial intelligence, the field of AI includes a collection of technologies. The newly formed committee has started with some foundational standards that include AI concepts and terminology (ISO/IEC 22989). Diab stresses that the interest in AI is quite broad, bringing together a very wide range of diverse stakeholders such as data scientists, digital practitioners, and regulatory bodies. He also points out that there’s something of a gap between what AI actually is today and what it is often perceived to be.
He also explains that AI is often seen as a group of fully autonomous systems – robots that move – but, in reality, much of AI goes into semi-autonomous systems. In many AI systems, a good deal of data will have been prepared before being fed into an engine that has some form of machine learning, which will then, in turn, produce a series of insights. These technologies can include, but are by no means limited to, machine learning, big data and analytics.
Umbrella of technologies
The field of AI is evolving very quickly and expanding so much that the application of the standards being developed by SC 42 will continue to grow
Currently a Senior Director of Huawei Technologies, Diab is Chair of the ISO/IEC subcommittee for good reason. Armed with several degrees in electrical engineering, economics and business administration from both Stanford and Wharton, his professional life has focused closely on business and technology strategy. Moreover, he has also worked for multinational conglomerates Cisco and Broadcom as well as been a consultant specializing in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, most recently as the Secretary of the Steering Committee of the Industrial Internet Consortium. He has also filed over 850 patents, of which close to 400 have been issued, with the rest under examination. That’s more patents than those filed by Tesla – and not one of his applications has been rejected.
Diab’s true specialism lies in the breadth of his expertise – his range stretches from the early incubation of ideas to strategically driving the industry forward. It’s also why he’s so keen on standardization, as he sees it as the perfect vehicle for the healthy expansion of the industry as a whole. He argues that we need standards for AI for several reasons. First, there’s the degree of sophistication of IT in today’s society. After all, an average smartphone now has more power than all of the Apollo missions combined. Second, IT is moving deeper and deeper into every sector. After a slow start in the 1970s and 80s, people no longer need IT systems merely for greater efficiency and it is now needed to reveal operational and strategic insights. Finally, there is the sheer pervasiveness of IT in our lives. Every sector relies on it, from finance to manufacturing to healthcare to transportation to robotics and so on.
Part of the solution
This is where International Standards come into play. Subcommittee SC 42, which is under joint technical committee JTC 1 of ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), is the only body looking at the entire AI ecosystem. Diab is clear that he and his committee are starting with the recognition that many aspects of AI technology standardization need to be considered to achieve wide adoption. “We know that users care deeply and want to understand how AI decisions are made, thus the inclusion of aspects like system transparency are key,” he says, “so comprehensive standardization is a necessary part of the technology adoption.”
The AI ecosystem has been divided into a number of key areas spanning technical, societal and ethical considerations. These include the following broad categories:
With so many varying stakeholders, a basic starting point has been the committee’s work on “foundational standards”. This looks at aspects of AI that necessitate a common vocabulary, as well as agreed taxonomies and definitions. Eventually, these standards will mean that a practitioner can talk the same language as a regulator and both can talk the same language as a technical expert.
Computational methods and techniques
At the heart of AI is an assessment of the computational approaches and characteristics of artificial intelligence systems. This involves a study of different technologies (e.g. ML algorithms, reasoning, etc.) used by the AI systems, including their properties and characteristics as well as the study of existing specialized AI systems to understand and identify their underlying computational approaches, architectures, and characteristics. The study group will report on what is happening in the field and then suggest areas in which standardization is required.
Trustworthiness
One of the most challenging topics for the industry is that of “trustworthiness”, the third area of focus. This goes straight to the heart of many of the concerns around AI. The study group is considering everything from security and privacy to robustness of the system, to transparency and bias. Already with AI, there are systems that are either making decisions or informing individuals about decisions that need to be made, so a recognized and agreed form of transparency is vital to ascertain that there is no undesirable bias. It is highly likely that this study group will set out a whole series of recommendations for standardization projects. Such work will provide a necessary tool and proactively address concerns in this area. “By being proactive in recognizing that these issues exist and standards can help mitigate them, that’s a huge departure from how transformative technologies were done in the past, which were more of an afterthought,” Diab says firmly.
Use cases and applications
The fourth area of focus is to identify “application domains”, the contexts in which AI is being used, and collect “representative use cases”. Autonomous driving and transportation, for instance, is one such category. Another example is the use of AI in the manufacturing industry to increase efficiency. The group’s reports will lead to the commencement of a series of projects that could include everything from a comprehensive repository of use cases, to best practices for certain application domains.
Societal concerns
Another area of focus is what Diab terms “societal concerns”. Broad technologies like IoT and AI have the ability to influence how we exist for generations to come, so their adoption creates impacts that go much further than the technology itself. One of these is economic considerations, such as AI’s impact on the labour force (which naturally goes beyond the remit of the committee). But others certainly do fall into its purview: issues such as algorithmic bias, eavesdropping, and safety directives in industrial AI are all central to what the committee must look at. How, for instance, should an algorithm be safely trained – and then, when necessary, re-trained – to function properly? How do we prevent an AI system from correlating the “wrong” information, or basing decisions on inappropriately biased factors such as age, gender or ethnicity? How do we make sure that a robot working in tandem with a human operator doesn’t endanger its human colleague?
Big data
A few years ago, JTC 1 established a programme of work on “big data” through its working group WG 9. Currently, the big data programme has two foundational projects for overview and vocabulary and a big data reference architecture (BDRA), which have received tremendous interest from the industry. From a data science perspective, expert participation, use cases and applications, future anticipated work on analytics, and the role of systems integration, the big data work programme shares a lot of commonalities with the initial work programme for SC 42. From an industry practice point of view, it’s hard to imagine applications where one technology is present without the other. For this and many other reasons, the big data programme has been transferred to SC 42. The committee will focus on how to structure the work at its next meeting. It is also anticipated that new work products for big data will be developed.
Exponential growth
12%
yearly benefits increase
The field of AI is evolving very quickly and expanding so much that the application of the standards being developed by SC 42 will continue to grow along with the work programme of the committee. Diab foresees many more standards taking shape, especially in areas that have broad appeal, applicability and market adoption.
And it’s also because of these standards that Diab is certain AI adoption will not only be successful, but is one of those major technology inflection points that will change how we live, work and play.
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Jameson, J. (2013). E-Leadership in higher education: The fifth “age” of educational technology research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 889-915. doi: 10.1111/bjet.12103t
Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp-pp.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
Donec venenatis vulputate lorem. Morbi nec metus. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc.
Donec id justo. Nullam quis ante. Fusce neque.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
Donec venenatis vulputate lorem. Morbi nec metus. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc.
Donec id justo. Nullam quis ante. Fusce neque.
This issue examines how government, businesses and societies will navigate the increasing integration of technologies into business and production processes.
Izzle crazy tempizzle sizzle. We gonna chung gangsta get down get down fo shizzle turpizzle. Away break it down black. Pellentesque bling bling rhoncus fo shizzle. In hac the bizzle platea dictumst. Black dapibizzle. Crackalackin.
No longer just a fictional theme for far-fetched science fiction movies, artificial intelligence is now very much a day-to-day part of our reality. In factories, in intelligent transportation, even in the medical field, artificial intelligence (AI) is just about everywhere. But what exactly is artificial intelligence? As AI becomes more ubiquitous, why is there a need for International Standards? And what are some of the topics surrounding its standardization?
A recent report by the McKinsey Global Institute1) suggests that investment in artificial intelligence (AI) is growing fast. McKinsey estimates that digital leaders such as Google spent between “USD 20 billion to USD 30 billion on AI in 2016, with 90 % of this allocated to R&D and deployment, and 10 % to AI acquisitions”. According to the International Data Corporation2) (IDC), by 2019, 40 % of digital transformation initiatives will deploy some sort of variation of AI and by 2021, 75 % of enterprise applications will use AI, with expenditure growing to an estimated USD 52.2 billion.
From perception to reality
People tend to think of AI as autonomous robots or a computer capable of beating a chess master. To me, AI is more of a collection of technologies that are enabling, effectively, a form of intelligence in machines.
WaelWilliamDiab
Chair of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
But what exactly is AI? According to Wael William Diab, Chair of the new technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, subcommittee SC 42, Artificial intelligence, the field of AI includes a collection of technologies. The newly formed committee has started with some foundational standards that include AI concepts and terminology (ISO/IEC 22989). Diab stresses that the interest in AI is quite broad, bringing together a very wide range of diverse stakeholders such as data scientists, digital practitioners, and regulatory bodies. He also points out that there’s something of a gap between what AI actually is today and what it is often perceived to be.
He also explains that AI is often seen as a group of fully autonomous systems – robots that move – but, in reality, much of AI goes into semi-autonomous systems. In many AI systems, a good deal of data will have been prepared before being fed into an engine that has some form of machine learning, which will then, in turn, produce a series of insights. These technologies can include, but are by no means limited to, machine learning, big data and analytics.
Umbrella of technologies
Figure that is only there for the beauty of the page but has not real purpose
Currently a Senior Director of Huawei Technologies, Diab is Chair of the ISO/IEC subcommittee for good reason. Armed with several degrees in electrical engineering, economics and business administration from both Stanford and Wharton, his professional life has focused closely on business and technology strategy. Moreover, he has also worked for multinational conglomerates Cisco and Broadcom as well as been a consultant specializing in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, most recently as the Secretary of the Steering Committee of the Industrial Internet Consortium. He has also filed over 850 patents, of which close to 400 have been issued, with the rest under examination. That’s more patents than those filed by Tesla – and not one of his applications has been rejected.
Diab’s true specialism lies in the breadth of his expertise – his range stretches from the early incubation of ideas to strategically driving the industry forward. It’s also why he’s so keen on standardization, as he sees it as the perfect vehicle for the healthy expansion of the industry as a whole. He argues that we need standards for AI for several reasons. First, there’s the degree of sophistication of IT in today’s society. After all, an average smartphone now has more power than all of the Apollo missions combined. Second, IT is moving deeper and deeper into every sector. After a slow start in the 1970s and 80s, people no longer need IT systems merely for greater efficiency and it is now needed to reveal operational and strategic insights. Finally, there is the sheer pervasiveness of IT in our lives. Every sector relies on it, from finance to manufacturing to healthcare to transportation to robotics and so on.
Part of the solution
This is where International Standards come into play. Subcommittee SC 42, which is under joint technical committee JTC 1 of ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), is the only body looking at the entire AI ecosystem. Diab is clear that he and his committee are starting with the recognition that many aspects of AI technology standardization need to be considered to achieve wide adoption. “We know that users care deeply and want to understand how AI decisions are made, thus the inclusion of aspects like system transparency are key,” he says, “so comprehensive standardization is a necessary part of the technology adoption.”
City view
The AI ecosystem has been divided into a number of key areas spanning technical, societal and ethical considerations. These include the following broad categories:
Foundational standards
Computational methods and techniques
Trustworthiness
Use cases and applications
Societal concerns
Big data
Foundational standards
With so many varying stakeholders, a basic starting point has been the committee’s work on “foundational standards”. This looks at aspects of AI that necessitate a common vocabulary, as well as agreed taxonomies and definitions. Eventually, these standards will mean that a practitioner can talk the same language as a regulator and both can talk the same language as a technical expert.
Computational methods and techniques
At the heart of AI is an assessment of the computational approaches and characteristics of artificial intelligence systems. This involves a study of different technologies (e.g. ML algorithms, reasoning, etc.) used by the AI systems, including their properties and characteristics as well as the study of existing specialized AI systems to understand and identify their underlying computational approaches, architectures, and characteristics. The study group will report on what is happening in the field and then suggest areas in which standardization is required.
Trustworthiness
One of the most challenging topics for the industry is that of “trustworthiness”, the third area of focus. This goes straight to the heart of many of the concerns around AI. The study group is considering everything from security and privacy to robustness of the system, to transparency and bias. Already with AI, there are systems that are either making decisions or informing individuals about decisions that need to be made, so a recognized and agreed form of transparency is vital to ascertain that there is no undesirable bias. It is highly likely that this study group will set out a whole series of recommendations for standardization projects. Such work will provide a necessary tool and proactively address concerns in this area. “By being proactive in recognizing that these issues exist and standards can help mitigate them, that’s a huge departure from how transformative technologies were done in the past, which were more of an afterthought,” Diab says firmly.
Use cases and applications
The fourth area of focus is to identify “application domains”, the contexts in which AI is being used, and collect “representative use cases”. Autonomous driving and transportation, for instance, is one such category. Another example is the use of AI in the manufacturing industry to increase efficiency. The group’s reports will lead to the commencement of a series of projects that could include everything from a comprehensive repository of use cases, to best practices for certain application domains.
Societal concerns
Another area of focus is what Diab terms “societal concerns”. Broad technologies like IoT and AI have the ability to influence how we exist for generations to come, so their adoption creates impacts that go much further than the technology itself. One of these is economic considerations, such as AI’s impact on the labour force (which naturally goes beyond the remit of the committee). But others certainly do fall into its purview: issues such as algorithmic bias, eavesdropping, and safety directives in industrial AI are all central to what the committee must look at. How, for instance, should an algorithm be safely trained – and then, when necessary, re-trained – to function properly? How do we prevent an AI system from correlating the “wrong” information, or basing decisions on inappropriately biased factors such as age, gender or ethnicity? How do we make sure that a robot working in tandem with a human operator doesn’t endanger its human colleague?
Big data
A few years ago, JTC 1 established a programme of work on “big data” through its working group WG 9. Currently, the big data programme has two foundational projects for overview and vocabulary and a big data reference architecture (BDRA), which have received tremendous interest from the industry. From a data science perspective, expert participation, use cases and applications, future anticipated work on analytics, and the role of systems integration, the big data work programme shares a lot of commonalities with the initial work programme for SC 42. From an industry practice point of view, it’s hard to imagine applications where one technology is present without the other. For this and many other reasons, the big data programme has been transferred to SC 42. The committee will focus on how to structure the work at its next meeting. It is also anticipated that new work products for big data will be developed.
Exponential growth
12%
yearly benefits increase
The field of AI is evolving very quickly and expanding so much that the application of the standards being developed by SC 42 will continue to grow along with the work programme of the committee. Diab foresees many more standards taking shape, especially in areas that have broad appeal, applicability and market adoption.
And it’s also because of these standards that Diab is certain AI adoption will not only be successful, but is one of those major technology inflection points that will change how we live, work and play.
The field of AI is evolving very quickly and expanding so much that the application of the standards being developed by SC 42 will continue to grow
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Jameson, J. (2013). E-Leadership in higher education: The fifth “age” of educational technology research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 889-915. doi: 10.1111/bjet.12103t
Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp-pp.
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ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 233: Application protocol: Systems engineering
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From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
In today’s world where the technology of road vehicles is moving ahead at racing pace, it is important that these exciting new electronic features are safe. A series of International Standards for functional safety of electrical and electronic systems in road vehicles has just been updated to keep the automotive industry ahead of the pack.
elonmusk on
From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
From perception to reality
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
ISO 22095 – Chain of custody – General terminology and models, is a simple solution that works across all business types and sectors. The new International Standard allows users to effectively reduce their costs and address a multitude of issues caused by the present variety of chain of custody systems. Its requirements and models are defined independently of sectors, raw materials, products, and issues addressed, from food safety or sustainability to product integrity and quality. This ISO standard is a multi-sector, globally-applicable framework to which existing systems may refer for the clarification of the differences between their system and the generic ISO chain of custody models. Instead of starting from scratch, those implementing new systems will be able to base their definition of chain of custody requirements on ISO 22095, saving time and money and benefiting from an internationally recognized approach.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
Donec venenatis vulputate lorem. Morbi nec metus. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc.
Donec id justo. Nullam quis ante. Fusce neque.
Izzle crazy tempizzle sizzle. We gonna chung gangsta get down get down fo shizzle turpizzle. Away break it down black. Pellentesque bling bling rhoncus fo shizzle. In hac the bizzle platea dictumst. Black dapibizzle. Crackalackin.
Healthcare continues to pose a major challenge for developing countries. The successes of individual health programmes remain overshadowed by the problems these nations face in the 21st century.
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Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Maecenas vestibulum mollis diam. Phasellus gravida semper nisi. Pellentesque dapibus hendrerit tortor.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
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This issue examines how government, businesses and societies will navigate the increasing integration of technologies into business and production processes.
This issue examines how government, businesses and societies will navigate the increasing integration of technologies into business and production processes.
This handbook aims to help small businesses understand the requirements of an environmental management system and to help them implement ISO 14001 successfully.
This handbook aims to help small businesses understand the requirements of an environmental management system and to help them implement ISO 14001 successfully.
Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Mauris turpis nunc, blandit et, volutpat molestie, porta ut, ligula. In auctor lobortis lacus.
Vivamus aliquet elit ac nisl. Etiam ut purus mattis mauris sodales aliquam. Sed libero. Pellentesque posuere. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Praesent egestas tristique nibh. Fusce pharetra convallis urna. Cras dapibus.
Sed mollis, eros et ultrices tempus, mauris ipsum aliquam libero, non adipiscing dolor urna a orci. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Praesent porttitor, nulla vitae posuere iaculis, arcu nisl dignissim dolor, a pretium mi sem ut ipsum.
Ut non enim eleifend felis pretium feugiat. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Aliquam eu nunc. Donec id justo. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt.
Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Fusce risus nisl, viverra et, tempor et, pretium in, sapien.
Donec venenatis vulputate lorem. Morbi nec metus. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc.
Donec id justo. Nullam quis ante. Fusce neque.
Izzle crazy tempizzle sizzle. We gonna chung gangsta get down get down fo shizzle turpizzle. Away break it down black. Pellentesque bling bling rhoncus fo shizzle. In hac the bizzle platea dictumst. Black dapibizzle. Crackalackin.
Quality management system
Business management system requirements for rail organizations: ISO 9001:2015 and particular requirements for application in the rail sector
Popular standards Quality management for organizations asking how to improve the quality of their products and services and consistently meet their customers’ expectations, ISO has an answer. Addressing various aspects of quality management and containing some of ISO’s best-known standards, there’s the ISO 9000
Related information ISO/TC 176/SC 2 Quality systems Management system standards ISO 9000 - Quality management ISO 9001 - Debunking the myths [PDF] Reaping the benefits of ISO 9001 [PDF] Moving from ISO 9001:2008 to ISO 9001:2015 [PDF] ISO ...
This handbook provides small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with guidance on developing and implementing an effective quality management system based on ISO 9001:2015 – Quality management systems – Requirements. While the requirements mentioned in the ...
your organization, the next step is to look at what you are doing now and the results you are achieving.You will need to analyse which requirements of the standard apply to your organization and whether they are being met or not.If you are using an earlier edition of ISO 9001, you may need to ...
ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization:
needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and
aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
All the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides.
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, Subcommittee SC 2, Quality systems.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 9001:2008), which has been technically revised, through the adoption of a revised clause sequence and the adaptation of the revised quality management principles and of new concepts. It also cancels and replaces the Technical Corrigendum ISO 9001:2008/Cor.1:2009.
0.1 General
The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives.
The potential benefits to an organization of implementing a quality management system based on this International Standard are:
the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements;
facilitating opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction;
addressing risks and opportunities associated with its context and objectives;
the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements.
This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties.
It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply the need for:
uniformity in the structure of different quality management systems;
alignment of documentation to the clause structure of this International Standard;
the use of the specific terminology of this International Standard within the organization.
The quality management system requirements specified in this International Standard are complementary to requirements for products and services.
This International Standard employs the process approach, which incorporates the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking.
The process approach enables an organization to plan its processes and their interactions.
The PDCA cycle enables an organization to ensure that its processes are adequately resourced and managed, and that opportunities for improvement are determined and acted on.
Risk-based thinking enables an organization to determine the factors that could cause its processes and its quality management system to deviate from the planned results, to put in place preventive controls to minimize negative effects and to make maximum
use of opportunities as they arise (see Clause A.4).
Consistently meeting requirements and addressing future needs and expectations poses a challenge for organizations in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. To achieve this objective, the organization might find it necessary to adopt various
forms of improvement in addition to correction and continual improvement, such as breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization.
In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used:
“shall” indicates a requirement;
“should” indicates a recommendation;
“may” indicates a permission;
“can” indicates a possibility or a capability.
Information marked as “NOTE” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement.
0.2 Quality management principles
This International Standard is based on the quality management principles described in ISO 9000. The descriptions include a statement of each principle, a rationale of why the principle is important for the organization, some examples of benefits
associated with the principle and examples of typical actions to improve the organization's performance when applying the principle.
The quality management principles are:
customer focus;
leadership;
engagement of people;
process approach;
improvement;
evidence-based decision making;
relationship management.
0.3 Process approach
0.3.1 General
This International Standard promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. Specific requirements
considered essential to the adoption of a process approach are included in 4.4.
Understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization's effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its intended results. This approach enables the organization to control the interrelationships and interdependencies
among the processes of the system, so that the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced.
The process approach involves the systematic definition and management of processes, and their interactions, so as to achieve the intended results in accordance with the quality policy and strategic direction of the organization. Management of the processes
and the system as a whole can be achieved using the PDCA cycle (see 0.3.2) with an overall focus on risk-based thinking (see 0.3.3) aimed at taking advantage of opportunities and preventing undesirable results.
The application of the process approach in a quality management system enables:
understanding and consistency in meeting requirements;
the consideration of processes in terms of added value;
the achievement of effective process performance;
improvement of processes based on evaluation of data and information.
Figure 1 gives a schematic representation of any process and shows the interaction of its elements. The monitoring and measuring check points, which are necessary for control, are
specific to each process and will vary depending on the related risks.
Figure 1 —
Schematic representation of the elements of a single process
0.3.2 Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle
The PDCA cycle can be applied to all processes and to the quality management system as a whole. Figure 2 illustrates how Clauses 4 to 10 can be grouped in relation to the PDCA cycle.
Figure 2 —
Representation of the structure of this International Standard in the PDCA cycle
NOTE Numbers in brackets refer to the clauses in this International Standard.
The PDCA cycle can be briefly described as follows:
Plan: establish the objectives of the system and its processes, and the resources needed to deliver results in accordance with customers' requirements and the organization's policies, and identify and address risks and opportunities;
Do: implement what was planned;
Check: monitor and (where applicable) measure processes and the resulting products and services against policies, objectives, requirements and planned activities, and report the results;
Act: take actions to improve performance, as necessary.
0.3.3 Risk-based thinking
Risk-based thinking (see Clause A.4) is essential for achieving an effective quality management system. The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions
of this International Standard including, for example, carrying out preventive action to eliminate potential nonconformities, analysing any nonconformities that do occur, and taking action to prevent recurrence that is appropriate for the effects of
the nonconformity.
To conform to the requirements of this International Standard, an organization needs to plan and implement actions to address risks and opportunities. Addressing both risks and opportunities establishes a basis for increasing the effectiveness of the
quality management system, achieving improved results and preventing negative effects.
Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favourable to achieving an intended result, for example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to attract customers, develop new products and services, reduce waste or improve productivity.
Actions to address opportunities can also include consideration of associated risks. Risk is the effect of uncertainty and any such uncertainty can have positive or negative effects. A positive deviation arising from a risk can provide an opportunity,
but not all positive effects of risk result in opportunities.
0.4 Relationship with other management system standards
This International Standard applies the framework developed by ISO to improve alignment among its International Standards for management systems (see Clause A.1).
This International Standard enables an organization to use the process approach, coupled with the PDCA cycle and risk-based thinking, to align or integrate its quality management system with the requirements of other management system standards.
This International Standard relates to ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 as follows:
ISO 9000 Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary provides essential background for the proper understanding and implementation of this International Standard;
ISO 9004Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach provides guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond the requirements
of this International Standard.
Annex B provides details of other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems that have been developed by ISO/TC 176.
This International Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems, such as those for environmental management, occupational health and safety management, or financial management.
Sector-specific quality management system standards based on the requirements of this International Standard have been developed for a number of sectors. Some of these standards specify additional quality management system requirements, while others are
limited to providing guidance to the application of this International Standard within the particular sector.
A matrix showing the correlation between the clauses of this edition of this International Standard and the previous edition (ISO 9001:2008) can be found on the ISO/TC 176/SC 2 open access web site at: www.iso.org/tc176/sc02/public.
This International Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization:
needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and
aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
All the requirements of this International Standard are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides.
NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the terms “product” or “service” only apply to products and services intended for, or required by, a customer.
NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements.
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9000:2015, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000:2015 apply.
4.1 Understanding the organization and its context
4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties
4.2.1 Understanding the organization and its context
4.2.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties
4.2.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system
4.2.4 Quality management system and its processes
4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system
4.4 Quality management system and its processes
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ISO 9004, Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach
ISO 10001, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations
ISO 10002, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations
ISO 10003, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations
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This issue examines how government, businesses and societies will navigate the increasing integration of technologies into business and production processes.
Wael William DiabChair of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
